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وصف Veto Power Effects on International Balance Period between 1945-2015 pdf

باحث قانونى دولى
باحث فى الشؤون الإقليميةوالدوليةIn the aftermath of the First World War 1914 and the ‎scourge of the war that the countries of the world witnessed, the ‎League of Nations was established in January 1919, and it was a ‎way to achieve international peace and security as well as ‎international balance, but in fact it became clear that the ‎programs of the League of Nations are designed to implement ‎the policies and interests of some countries, which led to many ‎international problems, and as a result, the League of Nations ‎failed, and World War II came with its devastating woes, which ‎resulted in enormous material losses, as well as great human ‎losses. Which in turn led to the emergence of the United Nations ‎with its organs to achieve many goals, the most important of ‎which were international peace and security, and many other ‎goals. The victorious countries in World War II initiated the call ‎for the establishment of that organization. They believed that an ‎international balance is desired for the five countries at that time ‎on the basis of granting the five major powers the Veto Power ‎against any UN resolution issued by the Security Council, which is ‎the highest international authority of the UN, which has its ‎recognized international role, whether positive or negative. This ‎right has led to the creation of a balance between these ‎countries within the framework of their international policy, but ‎this balance did not include in its entirety all aspects of ‎international relations and global issues in which none of the ‎permanent five countries is a direct or indirect party, and these ‎international issues have turned into a stage for concessions and ‎bargaining, which affected the performance of the United ‎Nations and the achievement of its goals in general in all its ‎issues that have become threatening international peace and ‎security, and preventing the United Nations from achieving its ‎lofty goals, especially in many aborted international decisions. ‎On the other hand, another voice appeared (adopted by the ‎researcher) calling for the need to reformulate the privilege / ‎right around which this research revolves. The research is to ‎ensure a real global balance and not to achieve the desired ‎balance between the holders of Veto Power only, as will be listed ‎in the research, as well as its effects on the international balance.‎
‎1-1 Research problem‎
The research deals with the problem of Veto Power with its ‎advantages and disadvantages, the theoretical basis on which ‎Veto Power was built through practice while studying some of ‎the cases that were affected by it, the opinion of some ‎international law professors on the issue, and the new voice ‎calling for reformulating a better system for voting in the UN ‎Security Council which carries the meanings of democracy and is ‎working to achieve them at the international level, as Veto ‎Power works on not raising the decision by objecting to it once ‎and without giving any reasons on the occasion of objecting to ‎the decision, and not just objecting to it.‎
As soon as one of the five permanent members of the ‎Security Council objects to a resolution, the result of that ‎decision is not to pass it on to the rest of the member states and ‎to reject it completely without giving any reasons, despite its ‎acceptance by the rest of the fourteen member states of the UN ‎Security Council.‎
It is internationally recognized and in application of the rules ‎of justice and the foundations and rules of democracy that the ‎voting system is based on the majority of the members, what we ‎do not find in the UN Security Council with the voting system in ‎place that contradicts the aforementioned rules, as the ‎prevailing system in force is the system of privileged veto power ‎established for some countries In particular, neglecting the rest ‎of the member states.‎
The choice of the five permanent members of the UN Security ‎Council was against the rules of democracy as well, as no ‎democratic election process was carried out according to the ‎majority result.‎
The research also deals with the effects of the recognized ‎veto power that occurred, and is expected to continue in the ‎event of the application of the same current rules in force and ‎recognized by the United Nations Security Council and their ‎effects on the international imbalance between all countries of ‎the world, and only to maintain the international balance ‎between the five countries are permanent members of the UN ‎Security Council.‎
‎1-2 Importance of the research
The study relied on the sequence of events and their ‎theoretical and scientific importance as follows:‎
 This study seeks to discuss Veto Power in terms of its ‎theoretical and practical importance through the balance it ‎plays between the five permanent members.‎
 The effect of Veto Power on obstructing the principles and ‎decisions of the United Nations.‎
 The study provides the most appropriate scenario for ‎implementing Veto Power in order to play its role in ‎maintaining international peace and security.‎
 Presenting the views of the professor of public international ‎law in light of the changing balance of power and the ‎emergence of multiple international poles at the present ‎time.‎
 It is one of the important topics that has received and ‎continues to receive great attention by those interested in ‎this field.‎
‎1-3 Research objectives‎
The current study aims to identify the following matters:‎
 Knowledge of the United Nations Charter and the legislative ‎basis on which it is based.‎
 Knowing the rules of democracy in force in all countries of ‎the world and the theoretical basis for them in general.‎
 Knowing the extent to which the United Nations Charter ‎applies the rules of international justice that are based on the ‎principles of democracy and human justice.‎
 Knowing the principles that achieve transparency, credibility, ‎equality and respect for the sovereignty and will of the rest of ‎the member states of the United Nations.‎
 Presenting a model represented by some proposals to amend ‎the United Nations Charter to suit the passage of the draft ‎resolution to the fifteen countries in the UN Security Council ‎in accordance with the rules of democracy and the common ‎scientific principles of voting.‎
‎1.4 Research methodology
The research was subject to the descriptive documentary ‎approach; as it is the most appropriate to study the topic as a ‎phenomenon of the human sciences and to have sufficient prior ‎information on the topic, as the methodology is concerned with ‎the careful and precise collection of available records and ‎documents related to the topic / problem of the research and ‎then a comprehensive analysis of its contents in order to ‎conclude what is related to the problem research including ‎evidences that prove the answer to the research questions.‎
The researcher relied on a group of important sources in his ‎study, including primary and secondary sources:‎
Primary sources
They contain original data and information close to reality. ‎They often reflect the truth and are rarely tainted by distortion. ‎It can also be said that the primary sources are those that reach ‎us without going through the stages of interpretation, change, ‎deletion and addition, and from the sources on which the ‎researcher relied also scientific research, manuscripts, and ‎secondary reports, statistics issued by official institutions, ‎historical documents and published and unpublished memos.‎
Secondary sources
The researcher relied on authored books, periodical articles ‎and other sources transferred from other primary and non-‎primary sources, as well as the site of the United Nations ‎Organization, and the study field will be some of the ‎international draft resolutions circulating in the UN Security ‎Council, which affected Veto Power and limit the reality that ‎helped its establishment.‎
‎1-5 Research scope‎
The subject of study is defined by the following scopes:‎
 Objective scopes: A study on Veto Power and its effects on ‎the international balance.‎
 Spatial scope: the United Nations Security Council
 Temporal scope: the period between 1945 and 2015 ‎
‎1-6 Procedural terms of the research
International balance
A state of parity or relative parity between a set of ‎interrelated variables in the international system characterized ‎by a degree of flexibility and interdependence in interactions ‎with the satisfaction of the basic units in the international system ‎from the reality of the existing parity. (ALSYASI.COM Magazine, ‎‎2011)‎
Veto Power
There are many definitions of Veto Power, among which we ‎mention the following: ‎
The word “veto” has a Latin origin and means (I object / I do ‎not allow), and its meaning became widespread after the end of ‎World War II and the establishment of the United Nations in ‎‎1945. (Al-Jazeera.net, 2015)‎
The definition of “Veto Power” as a right of objection is ‎inaccurate, since the objection to a decision has already been ‎issued, and that the right of states to object to a decision is still in ‎the preparation stage, and their non- consent leads to its non-‎issuance. (Shehab, International Organizations, 1985, p. 302)‎
The researcher will mention some of his different names, ‎which all revolve around the same right granted to those five ‎permanent members of the UN Security Council: Veto – Veto ‎Power – the right to object – the right to object to any draft ‎resolution submitted to the Security Council.‎

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